ubuntu.mdwn

   1 [[!toc levels=99]]
   2
   3 ## Package management
   4
   5 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto
   6
   7 [Ubuntu comparison of apt-get vs. yum commands](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwitchingToUbuntu/FromLinux/RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAndFedora)
   8
   9     # show installed packages
  10     dpkg --list
  11
  12     # show info for a package
  13     dpkg --status package_name
  14
  15     # show files owned by a package
  16     dpkg --listfiles package_name
  17
  18     # resynchronize the package index files from their sources
  19     apt-get update
  20
  21     # install the newest versions installed packages
  22     apt-get upgrade
  23
  24     # install packages that are "kept back"
  25     apt-get dist-upgrade
  26
  27     # for clearing out unused linux-headers, for example
  28     apt-get autoremove
  29
  30     # search for packages with a given string (i.e. json)
  31     apt-cache search json
  32
  33 ### `apt-get dist-upgrade`
  34
  35 "-y  Assume Yes to all queries and do not prompt" is not recommended for `apt-get dist-upgrade`
  36
  37 http://askubuntu.com/questions/601/the-following-packages-have-been-kept-back-why-and-how-do-i-solve-it
  38
  39 http://askubuntu.com/questions/81585/what-is-dist-upgrade-and-why-does-it-upgrade-more-than-upgrade
  40
  41 ## User management
  42
  43     useradd -m myuser -s /bin/bash
  44
  45 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AddUsersHowto
  46
  47 ## Shutdown and restart
  48
  49     poweroff
  50
  51     reboot
  52
  53 ## Change default $EDITOR from nano to vim
  54
  55     update-alternatives --config editor
  56
  57 Choose "vim.basic".
  58
  59 ## Give user sudo access
  60
  61     newuser    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
  62
  63 or
  64
  65     newuser    ALL=NOPASSWD: ALL
  66
  67 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-delete-and-grant-sudo-privileges-to-users-on-a-debian-vps
  68
  69 ## iptables
  70
  71     # so that firewall rules load at boot
  72     apt-get install iptables-persistent
  73     # edit rules
  74     vim /etc/iptables/rules.v4
  75     # reload rules
  76     iptables-restore < /etc/iptables/rules.v4
  77     # save rules
  78     invoke-rc.d iptables-persistent save
  79
  80 ### Sample iptables firewall rules
  81
  82     root@server2:~# cat /etc/iptables/rules.v4
  83     # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Wed Oct 14 22:17:08 2015
  84     *filter
  85     :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
  86     :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
  87     :OUTPUT ACCEPT [72:34181]
  88     -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
  89     -A INPUT -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
  90     -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
  91     -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
  92     -A INPUT -j DROP
  93     COMMIT
  94     # Completed on Wed Oct 14 22:17:08 2015
  95     root@server2:~#
  96
  97 https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo
  98
  99 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-firewall-using-iptables-on-ubuntu-14-04
 100
 101 ## Apache httpd
 102
 103 Install Apache
 104
 105     sudo apt-get install apache2
 106
 107 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-apache-virtual-hosts-on-ubuntu-14-04-lts
 108
 109 Restart Apache
 110
 111     systemctl reload apache2
 112
 113 Enable site
 114
 115     a2ensite data.greptilian.com
 116
 117 Show enabled sites
 118
 119     apache2ctl -S
 120
 121 ## MySQL
 122
 123     sudo apt-get install mysql-server
 124
 125 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/a-basic-mysql-tutorial
 126
 127 ## Timezone
 128
 129     sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
 130
 131 https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-time-synchronization-on-ubuntu-18-04