Inspired by https://canvas.harvard.edu/courses/5749/assignments/syllabus (STAT E-100, Fall 2015)

    > options(warn=-1) # warnings from `library` are annoying
    > options(device="png") # instead of Rplots.pdf
    > out <- capture.output(suppressMessages(library("mosaic")))
    > # conduct analyses of Titanic data
    > # frequency table of counts with marginal totals
    > tally(~Survived, format = "count", data = Titanic, margins = TRUE)

       No   Yes Total 
      618   427  1045 
    > # bar graph of survival
    > bargraph(~Survived, data = Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot001.png">

    > # frequency table of propotions with marginal totals
    > tally(~Survived, format = "proportion", data = Titanic, margins = TRUE)

       No   Yes Total 
     0.59  0.41  1.00 
    > # frequency table of percentages with marginal totals
    > tally(~Survived, format = "percent", data = Titanic, margins = TRUE)

       No   Yes Total 
       59    41   100 
    > # pie chart of survival
    > pie(tally(~Survived, format = "count", data = Titanic))

<img src="titanic/Rplot002.png">

    > # contingency table of counts
    > tally(~Class + Survived, format = "count", margins=TRUE, data = Titanic)
            Survived
    Class      No  Yes Total
      Lower   369  131   500
      Middle  146  115   261
      Upper   103  181   284
      Total   618  427  1045
    > # contingency table of proportions without conditioning
    > tally(~Class + Survived, format = "proportion", margins=TRUE, data = Titanic)
            Survived
    Class       No   Yes Total
      Lower  0.353 0.125 0.478
      Middle 0.140 0.110 0.250
      Upper  0.099 0.173 0.272
      Total  0.591 0.409 1.000
    > # contingency table of percentages without conditioning,
    > tally(~Class + Survived, format = "percent", margins=TRUE, data = Titanic)
            Survived
    Class       No   Yes Total
      Lower   35.3  12.5  47.8
      Middle  14.0  11.0  25.0
      Upper    9.9  17.3  27.2
      Total   59.1  40.9 100.0
    > # conditioning on survival
    > # Of those who survived, what percentage were in the lower class? (31%)
    > tally(~Class | Survived, format = "percent", data = Titanic, margins=TRUE)
            Survived
    Class     No Yes
      Lower   60  31
      Middle  24  27
      Upper   17  42
      Total  100 100
    > # conditioning on passenger class
    > # Of those in the lower class, what percent survived? (26%)
    > tally(~Survived | Class, format = "percent", data = Titanic, margins=TRUE)
            Class
    Survived Lower Middle Upper
       No       74     56    36
       Yes      26     44    64
       Total   100    100   100
    > # Dodged Bar Graph: Survival with Class Subgroups
    > bargraph(~Survived, groups=Class, auto.key=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot003.png">

    > # Dodged Bar Graph: Class with Survival Subgroups
    > bargraph(~Class, groups=Survived, auto.key=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot004.png">

    > # Stacked Bar Graph: Survival with Class Subgroups
    > bargraph(~Survived, groups=Class, auto.key=TRUE, stack=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot005.png">

    > # Stacked Bar Graph: Class with Survival Subgroups
    > bargraph(~Class, groups=Survived, auto.key=TRUE, stack=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot006.png">

    > # Unconditional Distribution of Survival and Conditional Distributions of Class
    > mosaicplot(~Survived + Class, color=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot007.png">

    > # Distributions of class conditional on survival
    > tally(~Class | Survived, format = "percent", data = Titanic, margins=TRUE)
            Survived
    Class     No Yes
      Lower   60  31
      Middle  24  27
      Upper   17  42
      Total  100 100
    > # Unconditional Distribution of Class and Conditional Distributions of Survival
    > mosaicplot(~Class + Survived, color=TRUE, data=Titanic)

<img src="titanic/Rplot008.png">

    > # Distributions of survival conditional on class
    > tally(~Survived | Class, format = "percent", data = Titanic, margins=TRUE)
            Class
    Survived Lower Middle Upper
       No       74     56    36
       Yes      26     44    64
       Total   100    100   100